環境服務功能

環境服務功能

環境服務功能

一、生物多樣性遺傳價值

生物多樣性是人類社會賴以生存和發展的基礎,是全人類共有的寶貴財富。生物多樣性為人類的生存與發展提供了豐富的食物、藥物、燃料等生活必需品以及大量的工業原料。生物多樣性也維護了自然界的生態平衡,併為人類的生存提供了良好的環境條件,是生態系統不可缺少的組成部分。阿魯科爾沁旗傳統草原遊牧業其形成和發展有著悠久的歷史,它屬於世界草原畜牧業中的經典產業。其乾旱半乾旱草原屬於典型的不平衡生態系統,只有遊牧型草原畜牧業才是其合理的產業選擇,它蘊含豐富的適應性管理知識;在未來的一段時期內阿旗草原地區的主導文化都將以遊牧文化為精髓,它是充分吸收包括農業文明、工業文明和資訊文明在內的一切人類文明成果的優秀體現。

二、生態適應

三、防風固沙

阿旗地處西拉沐淪河北岸,大興安嶺餘脈罕山山脈南麓,科爾沁沙地西緣。北部為山區,中部為丘陵區,南部為科爾沁沙地、沙土波狀平原區。據荒漠化和沙化土地監測結果顯示,阿旗的荒漠化和沙化形勢已經十分嚴重,沙化土地面積很大,治理任務非常艱鉅,難度越來越大。多年來,阿旗委、旗人民政府始終堅持生態立旗發展戰略,以“三區聯動”為總體框架(即北部水源涵養區、東南部沼坨防風固沙區、中西部小流域綜合治理區),紮實推進了生態建設“六大工程”。近年來,阿旗藉助國家實施京津風沙源治理工程、退耕還林工程、國家級重點公益林補償專案,我旗先後實施了百萬畝沙地綜合治理科技示範區專案、黑哈爾河綠色長廊工程、巴彥諾爾蘇木30萬畝沙地綜合治理工程、省級大通道綠化專案、西拉沐淪河防護林體系建設工程、罕蘇木蘇木生態建設與保護工程以及阿拉迪芒哈30萬畝沙地綜合治理工程,全旗生態環境總體惡化的趨勢得到基本遏制,區域性明顯好轉。阿旗現有的主要林木品種有楊樹、山杏、錦雞兒、沙棘、黃柳、油松、樟子鬆、檸條等十幾個品種,這些木材品種普遍具有抗旱、抗風蝕、耐沙埋等特點,具有防風治沙的生態保護作用。

四、水土保持                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

阿魯科爾沁旗地勢呈西北高、東南低,北部為中山地貌,中西部為丘陵地貌,東、南部為科爾沁沙地。氣候屬大陸性氣候,乾旱少雨,降雨量集中,冬季多風;地勢起伏多變,高低懸殊;土壤結構不良。長期以來,由於對森林、草原資源的不合理開發利用,超載過牧、濫砍濫伐、陡坡開荒及歷史上發生的蟲災、旱災等原因,使阿旗生態環境受損,水土流失相當嚴重,生態環境正日益惡化,水土流失給阿旗的農牧業生產造成很大的影響。據遙感統計,目前全旗共有輕度以上水蝕面積4958.02平方公里,佔全旗總面積的34.7%,另外風蝕十分嚴重,風蝕面積達8506.8平方公里。自建國以來,阿旗人民自力更生、艱苦奮鬥,大力開展水土保持生態建設,有效地改善了農牧業生產條件,完善了農業基礎設施,提高了土地生產率,促進了土地利用結構和產業結構的合理調整,實現了農牧業穩定高產,促進了當地經濟、社會可持續發展。截止目前為止,阿旗累計完成水土保持綜合治理面積2162.8平方公里,其中:水平梯田22.6平方公里,水保林1335.1平方公里,人工種草805.1平方公里。已經形成了一定規模的水土保持綜合防護體系和小流域經濟體系。